Chronic Constipation

Constipation. Dry Stool Gets Stuck (impacted) In Large Intestine

Treatments

Chronic Constipation

Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools persisting for an extended period, typically longer than three months. It can have various underlying causes and significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Here's a detailed explanation:

Symptoms

Infrequent Bowel Movements

Fewer than three bowel movements per week is a common criterion for diagnosing constipation, though individual patterns may vary.

intestine1

Straining

Difficulty passing stools, often requiring excessive straining during bowel movements.

Hard Stools

Stools that are hard, lumpy, or difficult to pass.

human

Incomplete Evacuation

Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying after passing stool

abdominal-pain

Abdominal Discomfort

Abdominal pain, bloating, or discomfort may accompany constipation.

Causes

Dietary Factors

Low fiber intake, inadequate fluid intake, and a diet high in processed foods can contribute to constipation.

Lifestyle Factors

Lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and ignoring the urge to defecate can lead to constipation.

Medications

Certain medications, such as opioids, anticholinergics, calcium channel blockers, and iron supplements, can cause constipation as a side effect.

Neurological Conditions

Conditions affecting the nerves controlling bowel movements, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease, can lead to chronic constipation.

Structural Abnormalities

Conditions such as colorectal cancer, rectal prolapse, or pelvic floor dysfunction can obstruct the normal passage of stool.

Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal changes during pregnancy, thyroid disorders, or hormonal treatments can affect bowel function.

Psychological Factors

Stress, anxiety, depression, or other psychological factors can influence bowel habits and contribute to constipation.

Treatment

dietary

Dietary Changes

Increasing dietary fiber intake (through fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes), drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding low-fiber, processed foods can help alleviate constipation.

Lifestyle Modifications

Regular physical activity, establishing a regular bowel routine, and responding promptly to the urge to defecate can promote regular bowel movements.

medicine

Medications

Over-the-counter laxatives (e.g., bulk-forming agents, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners) may be used for short-term relief, but prolonged use should be supervised by a healthcare provider.

healthcare

Biofeedback Therapy

Helpful for patients with pelvic floor dysfunction, biofeedback therapy can retrain the muscles involved in bowel movements.

protection

Prescription Medications

In some cases, prescription medications such as prokinetics, lubiprostone, or linaclotide may be prescribed for chronic constipation resistant to other treatments.

scalpel (1)

Surgery

Rarely, surgery may be considered for refractory cases of constipation with structural abnormalities or pelvic floor dysfunction.

Diagnosis

Medical History

Detailed history-taking to assess bowel habits, dietary habits, medications, medical conditions, and lifestyle factors.

Physical Examination

Includes examination of the abdomen, rectal examination, and assessment for signs of abdominal tenderness or masses.

Diagnostic Tests

Tests such as blood tests (to check for thyroid function, electrolyte imbalances), imaging studies (abdominal X-rays, CT scans), or specialized tests (colonoscopy, anorectal manometry) may be performed based on clinical suspicion.

Complications

Chronic constipation can lead to several complications, including:

colon

Hemorrhoids

Due to straining during bowel movements.

Fecal impaction

Hardened stool stuck in the rectum, which may require manual removal.

gut-microbiota

Rectal prolapse

Protrusion of the rectum through the anus.

Anal fissures

Tears in the lining of the anus, leading to pain and bleeding.

Fecal incontinence

Inability to control bowel movements due to chronic constipation.

Prevention

Maintain a diet high in fiber and fluids.

Engage in regular physical activity.

Respond promptly to the urge to defecate.

Manage stress and psychological factors that may influence bowel habits.

Prognosis

With appropriate management, most cases of chronic constipation can be effectively controlled, although it may require ongoing lifestyle modifications and treatment. However, the prognosis depends on the underlying cause and the presence of any complications. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is essential for monitoring symptoms, adjusting treatment as needed, and preventing complications.