Acute Viral Hepatitis

Medical Education: Human Anatomy of Liver with Hepatitis

Treatments

Acute Viral Hepatitis

Acute viral hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver due to infection with one of several viruses: hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E. Here's a breakdown:

Hepatitis A (HAV)

Transmitted primarily through ingestion of contaminated food or water or through close contact with an infected person. It usually resolves on its own and doesn't cause long-term liver damage.

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids. It can be acute or chronic. Acute HBV infection may resolve on its own, but chronic HBV can lead to serious liver problems such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact. Like HBV, HCV infection can be acute or chronic. Acute HCV infection often goes unnoticed, but chronic infection can lead to liver damage over time.

Hepatitis D (HDV)

This virus only infects those who are already infected with HBV. HDV can worsen the symptoms of HBV infection and lead to a more severe form of hepatitis.

Hepatitis E (HEV)

Commonly transmitted through contaminated water in developing countries. It's usually self-limiting, but it can be dangerous for pregnant women, leading to acute liver failure.

Symptoms of acute viral hepatitis can vary but often include

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Fatigue

Abdominal pain

Loss of appetite

Nausea and vomiting

Dark urine

Pale stools

Fever

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect specific viral markers and assess liver function. Treatment for acute viral hepatitis usually focuses on supportive care to relieve symptoms. In most cases, the body clears the virus on its own within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, particularly with HBV and HCV, antiviral medications may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention is key, and vaccination is available for hepatitis A and B. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding risky behaviors such as sharing needles or having unprotected sex, and being cautious when traveling to areas with poor sanitation can help prevent viral hepatitis infections.